Arbutin is a naturally occurring phenolic glycoside composed of hydroquinone bound to a glucose molecule, primarily found in plants such as Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (bearberry), cranberries, and blueberries. It functions as a competitive inhibitor of tyrosinase, thereby reducing melanin synthesis and serving as a skin-lightening agent in cosmetics. Arbutin exhibits antioxidant and mild antimicrobial properties. It is more stable and less irritating than hydroquinone, though it may hydrolyze to release hydroquinone under acidic or enzymatic conditions. The compound is used in dermatological formulations at concentrations typically below 2% and has been investigated for potential therapeutic applications in hyperpigmentation disorders.