β-Carotene is a naturally occurring red-orange carotenoid pigment abundant in plants and fruits such as carrots, sweet potatoes, and spinach. As a tetraterpene, it serves as a precursor to vitamin A (retinol) through enzymatic cleavage in the intestine. It functions as a potent antioxidant, scavenging free radicals and protecting cells from oxidative damage. In food science, it is widely used as a natural colorant (E160a) and nutritional supplement. Its conjugated double-bond system enables light absorption in the visible spectrum, producing its characteristic color. β-Carotene is lipophilic and accumulates in lipid membranes, contributing to its role in photoprotection and immune modulation. Extensive research supports its safety and efficacy in preventing vitamin A deficiency.