EGCG is the most abundant and bioactive catechin polyphenol in green tea (Camellia sinensis), comprising up to 50-60% of total catechins. It exhibits potent antioxidant activity by scavenging free radicals and chelating metal ions, contributing to anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, and potential chemopreventive effects. Research from peer-reviewed studies shows it modulates signaling pathways like NF-kB and Nrf2. It is studied for metabolic health benefits including improved insulin sensitivity. Soluble forms are used in supplements and functional foods. Chemically unstable in alkaline conditions and sensitive to oxidation and heat.