The iodate ion (IO3−) is a polyatomic anion with iodine in the +5 oxidation state, forming a trigonal pyramidal structure. It occurs in salts such as potassium iodate used for salt iodization to prevent deficiency disorders. As a strong oxidizing agent, it participates in redox reactions and analytical titrations. In aqueous media it remains stable but undergoes reduction to iodide by biological or chemical reductants. Iodate salts exhibit high water solubility and are employed in food fortification, photography, and chemical synthesis. Environmental presence arises from natural iodine cycling and industrial processes.