Lemon essential oil is obtained by cold pressing the peel of Citrus limon fruits. It is a complex mixture dominated by monoterpenes, with d-limonene comprising 60-80% of the composition, accompanied by beta-pinene, gamma-terpinene, and minor oxygenated compounds such as citral. The oil exhibits a characteristic fresh citrus aroma and is widely used as a flavoring agent, fragrance component, and in aromatherapy. It demonstrates antioxidant and antimicrobial properties in food applications and is recognized as GRAS by the FDA for use in food products. Physical properties vary slightly with cultivar and extraction method but generally reflect the dominant terpene profile.