Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the human body and an essential nutrient critical for bone and tooth formation, muscle function, nerve transmission, and blood clotting. In food applications, calcium compounds such as calcium carbonate, citrate, and lactate are widely used for fortification in dairy alternatives, baked goods, and spice blends to enhance nutritional value and texture. As an alkaline earth metal, elemental calcium is highly reactive, forming stable salts with varying solubilities. It occurs naturally in minerals like limestone and is vital for plant cell wall structure. Dietary intake supports skeletal health, with recommended daily allowances varying by age and population group.