Minerals including calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus are essential inorganic elements critical for human nutrition and commonly present in food sources and spices. Calcium supports bone structure and muscle function, magnesium acts as a cofactor in over 300 enzymatic reactions including energy production, and phosphorus is vital for ATP, DNA, and cell membrane integrity. These minerals typically occur as salts or complexes in foods rather than free elements. They influence food texture, pH, and nutritional value but do not form a single chemical compound. Bioavailability varies by food matrix and dietary interactions, with peer-reviewed studies emphasizing balanced intake from plant and animal sources for metabolic health.