Minerals such as potassium and phosphorus are essential inorganic elements required for human nutrition and are commonly present in foods. Potassium functions primarily as an electrolyte maintaining fluid balance, nerve transmission, and muscle contraction. Phosphorus is critical for bone mineralization, energy metabolism via ATP, and nucleic acid structure. These are not single organic molecules but exist as ions (K+, PO4^3-) in biological systems. They are obtained from dietary sources like fruits, vegetables, dairy, and meats. Solubility varies by specific salt form but potassium salts are generally water-soluble while phosphorus compounds depend on the oxidation state and counterion.