Omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA are long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids essential for human health, primarily obtained from marine sources like fish oil. EPA (20:5 n-3) and DHA (22:6 n-3) play critical roles in reducing inflammation, supporting cardiovascular function, brain development, and neural membrane fluidity. They serve as precursors for specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) like resolvins and protectins. These compounds are highly susceptible to oxidation due to multiple double bonds but are stable when protected from light and oxygen. In food science, they contribute to the nutritional profile of seafood and supplements, with recommended daily intakes of 250-500 mg combined EPA+DHA for adults. Their amphiphilic nature allows incorporation into phospholipids and triglycerides.